MariaDB is a community-developed fork of the MySQL relational database management system intended to remain free under the GNU GPL. Being a fork of a leading open source software system, it is notable for being led by its original developers. Oracle Corporation, created a new non-free version of MySQL (version 5.5), which is why the developers of MariaDB decided to create their own fork of MySQL. MariaDB intends to maintain high compatibility with MySQL.
with the most basic dockerfile you can create a mariadb container:
FROM alpine:3.20
# Install MariaDB
RUN apk update && apk upgrade &&\
apk add mariadb mariadb-client
# Copy MariaDB configuration files
COPY ./conf/configure-mariadb.sh /tmp/configure-mariadb.sh
RUN chmod +x /tmp/configure-mariadb.sh
# Run MariaDB configuration script as entry point
ENTRYPOINT [ "sh", "/tmp/configure-mariadb.sh" ]
I use a script to configure the mariadb container which i found on the official mariadb github page. To start it you can run the following commands:
docker build . -t maria
docker run --rm -d -p 3006:3006 --name mariadb maria
this will start a mariadb container on port 3006
9559db7f2513 maria "docker-entrypoint.s…" 9 seconds ago Up 8 seconds 0.0.0.0:3006->3006/tcp, :::3006->3006/tcp, 3306/tcp mariadb
you can now access the mariadb container with the following command
docker exec -it mariadb mysql -u root -p
where I am accessing the mariadb cntainer and running the mysql command with the -u and -p options which are the user and password options.
This will not work however because the mariadb container is not configured to accept connections from the host machine. Especially we did not set the root password. This is better if we access manually the container and set the password. I will pass the env variables manually.
docker run -d --name mariadb-container -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=rut -e MYSQL_DATABASE=mydatabase -e MYSQL_USER=myuser -e MYSQL_PASSWORD=mypassword -p 3306:3306 -v ~/data/db-data:/var/lib/mysql maria
docker exec -it mariadb mysql -u root -p
the above will work with the rut password. and then i can use the mysql command to access the mariadb container as described below.
Using a docker-compose file.
services:
nginx:
build: ./requirements/nginx
ports:
- "443:443"
restart: always
mariadb:
build: requirements/mariadb
environment:
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: rootpassword
MYSQL_DATABASE: mydatabase
MYSQL_USER: myuser
MYSQL_PASSWORD: mypassword
ports:
- "3306:3306"
restart: always
after starting the containers:
docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9e226caa74b4 srcs-nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 42 seconds ago Up 41 seconds 80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:443->443/tcp, :::443->443/tcp srcs-nginx-1
5873f510734b srcs-mariadb "docker-entrypoint.s…" 42 seconds ago Up 41 seconds 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp srcs-mariadb-1
you can still access the mariadb container with the following command
docker exec -it srcs-mariadb-1 mysql -u root -p
Once you have the SQL prompt, you can execute various SQL commands to interact with the MariaDB database. Here are some common tasks you can perform:
List all databases available on the server:
SHOW DATABASES;
Select a specific database to use:
USE mydatabase;
List all tables in the selected database:
SHOW TABLES;
Create a new table in the selected database:
CREATE TABLE users (
id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
username VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
email VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
);
Insert a new record into a table:
INSERT INTO users (username, email) VALUES ('john_doe', 'john@example.com');
Retrieve data from a table:
SELECT * FROM users;
Update existing records in a table:
UPDATE users SET email = 'john.doe@example.com' WHERE username = 'john_doe';
Delete records from a table:
DELETE FROM users WHERE username = 'john_doe';
Exit the MariaDB SQL prompt:
EXIT;
Here is an example session that demonstrates some of these commands:
mysql> SHOW DATABASES;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mydatabase |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> USE mydatabase;
Database changed
mysql> SHOW TABLES;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> CREATE TABLE users (
-> id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
-> username VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
-> email VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
-> created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> INSERT INTO users (username, email) VALUES ('john_doe', 'john@example.com');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT * FROM users;
+----+-----------+------------------+---------------------+
| id | username | email | created_at |
+----+-----------+------------------+---------------------+
| 1 | john_doe | john@gmail.com | 2023-10-10 10:00:00 |
+----+-----------+------------------+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> EXIT;
Bye
This example demonstrates how to create a table, insert data, query data, and exit the SQL prompt.
with the official image of mariadb that i found on github and the script… this is how you test a container In RUN you need to pass the environment variables to the container.
docker build -t maria .
docker run -d --name mariadb-container -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=rut -e MYSQL_DATABASE=mydatabase -e MYSQL_USER=myuser -e MYSQL_PASSWORD=mypassword -p 3306:3306 -v ~/data/db-data:/var/lib/mysql maria
docker exec -it maria mysql -u root -p
the above will work with the rut password.
The provided
run.sh
script is designed to handle both environment variables and secrets. It checks for environment variables first and then falls back to secrets if the environment variables are not set.
MYSQL_ environment variables are set. If they are not set, it then checks for corresponding MARIADB_ environment variables.MYSQL_ nor MARIADB_ environment variables are set, the script checks for secrets in the /run/secrets/ directory._FILE variables, which can be used to read the values from files.Here is how you can use the script with both environment variables and secrets:
You can set the environment variables directly when running the container:
sudo docker run -d --name mariadb-container \
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=rut \
-e MYSQL_DATABASE=mydatabase \
-e MYSQL_USER=myuser \
-e MYSQL_PASSWORD=mypassword \
-p 3306:3306 \
-v ~/data/db-data:/var/lib/mysql \
mariadb-alpine
You can create Docker secrets and use them in your Docker Compose file:
echo "rut" | docker secret create mysql_root_password -
echo "mydatabase" | docker secret create mysql_database -
echo "myuser" | docker secret create mysql_user -
echo "mypassword" | docker secret create mysql_password -
version: '3.8'
services:
mariadb:
build: ./requirements/mariadb
environment:
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD_FILE: /run/secrets/mysql_root_password
MYSQL_DATABASE_FILE: /run/secrets/mysql_database
MYSQL_USER_FILE: /run/secrets/mysql_user
MYSQL_PASSWORD_FILE: /run/secrets/mysql_password
ports:
- "3306:3306"
volumes:
- db-data:/var/lib/mysql
secrets:
- mysql_root_password
- mysql_database
- mysql_user
- mysql_password
restart: always
secrets:
mysql_root_password:
external: true
mysql_database:
external: true
mysql_user:
external: true
mysql_password:
external: true
volumes:
db-data:
driver: local
driver_opts:
type: none
device: ~/data/db-data
o: bind
MYSQL_ and MARIADB_ environment variables./run/secrets/ directory._FILE variables to read values from files.Now, you can build your container and tests it. Inside the folder mariadb, run the following command. build is the command to build the image, and -t is the tag name and mariadb is the name that I recommend and . indicates that the Dockerfile is in the current folder.
docker build -t mariadb .
Then, run the container with the following command. run is the command to run the container, -d is the flag to run the container in background, and mariadb is the name of the image that we want to run.
docker run -d mariadb
Now, run the following command to check if the container is running and get its ID.
docker ps -a
With the ID copied, run the next command to get inside the container. exec is the command to execute a command inside the container, -it is the flag to run the command in interactive mode, and ID is the ID of the container and /bin/bash is the command that we want to execute, in this case we want to use its terminal.
docker exec -it copiedID /bin/bash
Now, you are inside the container. Run the following command to check if the database is created correctly and running.
mysql -u theuser -p thedatabase
if you see the the prompt MariaDB [thedatabase]> it means that all is ok. Too see the tables, run the following command. For now, we don’t have any table, so it’ll return an empty set, But at the end of the project, it’ll have some tables created by wordpress.
SHOW TABLES;
Now, to exit mysql, run exit then run exit again to exit the container. So it’s all working, then we’ll clean our container test. To stop the container, remove it and the image run the following commands.
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) && docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)
https://mariadb.org/download/